23考研外刊阅读《新科学家》双语精读版训练–AI技术可以提前一周…
The teamusedhigh-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, or HR-pQCT, which can measure 3-D bone microarchitecture on scales of 61 microns, finer than the thickness of human hair, to image the bone structure of the tibia in the lower leg and the radius in the lower arm.
该团队利用了高辨别率外围定量计较机断层扫描，它可以用于丈量三维骨骼微布局，精度可以到达61微米，比人类头发丝还细，可以对小腿胫骨和前臂桡骨的骨骼布局举行成像。
1.image在这里是动词
《本期内容》
双语浏览
An artificial intelligence can now predict the location and rate of crime across a city a week in advance with up to 90 per cent accuracy. Similar systems have been shown toperpetuateracist bias in policing, and the same could be truein this case, but the researchers who created this AI claim that it can also be used to expose those biases.
人工智能如今可以提早一周展望全部都会的犯法地址和犯法率，正确率高达90%。雷同的体系已被证实会固化警方的种族成见，这个体系中的环境也是如斯，但缔造这小我工智能的钻研职员暗示，它也能够用来表露这些成见。
Ishanu Chattopadhyay at the University of Chicago and his colleagues created an AI model that analysed historical crime data from Chicago, Illinois, from 2014 to the end of 2016, then predicted crime levels for the weeks that followed this training period. The model predicted thelikelihoodof certain crimes occurring across the city, which was divided into squares about 300 metres across, a week in advance with up to 90 per cent accuracy. It was also trained and tested on data for seven other major US cities, with a similar level of performance.
芝加哥大学的伊桑·查托帕迪亚和他的同事们建立了一小我工智能模子，阐发了伊利诺伊州的芝加哥从2014年到2016年末的汗青犯法数据，然后展望了练习期竣事后几周时候内的犯法程度。该模子提早一周展望了全部都会产生某些特定犯法的可能性，该模子将每一个区域划分为边长约300米的范畴，正确率高达90%。钻研职员还对美国其他7个重要都会的数据举行了练习和测试，这些都会的表示也呈现了雷同的程度。
Previous efforts to use AIs to predict crime have been controversial because they can perpetuate racial bias. In recent years, Chicago Police Department has trialled an algorithm that created a list of people deemed most at risk of being involved in a shooting, either as a victim or as a perpetrator. Details of the algorithm and the list were initially kept secret, but when the list was finally released, itturned outthat 56 per cent of Black men in the city aged between 20 to 29 featured on it.
以前操纵人工智能展望犯法的做法一向饱受争议，由于它们可能会固化种族成见问题。比年来，芝加哥差人局测验考试了一种算法，建立了一份被认为最有可能卷入枪击事务的人的名单，这些人要末是受害者，要末是行凶者。该算法和名单的细节最初是保密的，但当名单终极颁布时，成果显示该市20到29岁的黑人男性中有56%的人都列在了清单上。
Chattopadhyayconcedesthat the data 
used by his model will also be biased, but says that efforts have been taken to reduce the effect of bias and the AI doesn’t identify suspects, only potential sites of crime. “It’s not Minority Report,” he says. Chattopadhyay says the AI’s predictions could be more safely used to inform policy at a high level, rather than being used directly to allocate police resources. He has released the data and algorithm used in the study publicly so that other researchers can investigate the results.
查托帕迪亚认可，他的模子利用的数据也会存在成见，但他暗示，已极力削减成见的影响，人工智能不克不及辨认嫌疑人，只能辨认潜伏的犯法现场。“这不是《少数种族陈述》，”他说。翻译划线句，长按文末小步伐码打卡，谜底下期颁布~他已公然了钻研中利用的数据和算法，如许其他钻研职员便可以查询拜访成果。
The researchers also used the data to look for areas where human bias is affecting policing. They analysed the number of arrests following crimes in neighbourhoods in Chicago with different socioeconomic
levels. This showed that crimes in wealthier areas resulted in more arrests than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the police response.
钻研职员还操纵这些数据来寻觅因为人们成见对警务造成影响的区域。他们阐发了在分歧的社会经济程度下，芝加哥犯法后被捕人数。成果显示，与较贫困的地域比拟，产生在较富饶地域的犯法中罪犯被捕的人数更多，这表白警方的反响存在成见。
本文节选自：New Scientist （新科学家）
公布时候：2022.06.30
辞汇堆集
1.perpetuate
英/ p??pet?ue?t /美/ p?r?pet?ue?t /
v.使延续，使久长（尤指欠好的事物）
2.likelihood
英/ ?la?klih?d /美/ ?la?klih?d /
n.可能，可能性；可能的事
3.concede
英/ k?n?si?d /美/ k?n?si?d /
v.（凡是指不甘愿地）认可；认（输），认可（失败）；授与，让与；让敌手得分
词组搭配
1.in this case 既然如许，假若如许
2.turn out （以某种方法）产生；最后是，成果是；出席，加入，前往旁观；关掉，熄灭（电灯、煤气等）；出产，制造
写作句总结
原句：This showed that crimes in wealthier areas resulted in more arrests than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the police response.
布局：This showed that XX in wealthier areas resulted in more XX than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the XX.
例句：This showed that students in wealthier areas resulted in better grades than they did in poorer areas, suggesting bias in the education resource allocations.
打卡功课
在底稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成逐日的打卡操练！下期推送会颁布参考翻译谜底，大师一块儿来进修英语吧~
外刊君为同窗们汇总了《考研数学高数思惟导图》，戳码复兴“高数”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码复兴“高数”）
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排版/外刊君
图片/来历收集
中国高翻小组
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